Abstract:I-Turbocharger ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ingenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa amandla enjini kadizili.Njengoba i-boost pressure ikhula, amandla enjini kadizili ayakhula ngokulinganayo.Ngakho-ke, uma i-turbocharger isebenza ngendlela engavamile noma yehluleka, izoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenjini ye-diesel.Ngokophenyo, kutholwe ukuthi ukwehluleka kwe-turbocharger kuphakathi kokuhluleka kwenjini kadizili eminyakeni yamuva nje Kubalela ingxenye enkulu.Kukhona ukwanda kancane kancane.Phakathi kwazo, ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukukhuphuka, nokuvuza kukawoyela yikhona okuvame kakhulu, futhi nakho kuyingozi kakhulu.Lesi sihloko sigxile esimisweni sokusebenza se-supercharger yenjini kadizili, ukusetshenziswa kwe-supercharger ukulungisa, kanye nokwahlulela ukwehluleka, bese sihlaziya izizathu zethiyori zokuhluleka kweshaja enkulu ngokujula, futhi sinikeza izici ezithile ezibangelwe esimweni sangempela. kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisanayo.
Amagama angukhiye:injini ye-diesel;i-turbocharger;i-compressor
Okokuqala, i-supercharger iyasebenza
I-Supercharger esebenzisa amandla okukhipha injini ayilungile, ukuzungeza kwe-turbine ukushayela i-compressor impeller izungeza ngesivinini esikhulu i-coaxial futhi isheshiswe unogada ovikela i-compressor house kanye nomoya we-compressor enjini Isilinda sinyusa ukushaja kwesilinda ukuze ukwandisa amandla enjini.
Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwe-turbocharger
I-Supercharger esebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa le-turbine inlet lingafinyelela ku-650 ℃, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kusetshenziswe ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa.
1. Kuma-turbocharger asanda kucushwa noma alungiswe, sebenzisa izandla ukuze uguqule i-rotor ngaphambi kokufaka ukuze uhlole ukujikeleza kwe-rotor.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-rotor kufanele ijikeleze ngokushesha futhi ngokuguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kokuma noma umsindo ongajwayelekile.Hlola ipayipi lokungenisa le-compressor nokuthi ayikho yini imfucumfucu epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini.Uma kunemfucumfucu, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle.Bheka ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba ungcolile noma wonakele yini futhi kufanele kufakwe uwoyela omusha wokugcoba.Ngenkathi ushintsha uwoyela wokugcoba omusha, hlola isihlungi sikawoyela wokugcoba, hlanza noma shintsha isici esisha sokuhlunga.Ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni noma ukuhlanza isici sokuhlunga, isihlungi kufanele sigcwaliswe ngamafutha okugcoba ahlanzekile.Hlola indawo yokungena kawoyela bese ubuyisela amapayipi e-turbocharger.Akufanele kube khona ukuhlanekezela, ukwenza isicaba, noma ukuvaleka.
2. I-supercharger kufanele ifakwe ngendlela efanele, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwamapayipi angenayo kanye ne-exhaust kanye ne-supercharger bracket kufanele kuvalwe ngokuqinile.Ngenxa yokwandiswa okushisayo lapho ipayipi yokukhipha isebenza, amalunga avamile axhunywe ngama-bellows.
3. Ukunikezwa kwenjini kawoyela yokugcoba yeshaja enkulu, qaphela ukuxhuma ipayipi lokugcoba ukuze ugcine umzila kawoyela wokuthambisa ungavimbekile.Ukucindezela kwamafutha kugcinwa ku-200-400 kPa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile.Uma injini isamile, umfutho we-oyili wokungena kwe-turbocharger akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-80 kPa.
4. Cindezela ipayipi lokupholisa ukuze ugcine amanzi okupholisa ehlanzekile futhi engaphazanyiswa.
5. Xhuma isihlungi somoya futhi usigcine sihlanzekile.Ukwehla kwengcindezi yokuthatha okungavinjelwe akufanele kudlule ikholomu ye-mercury engu-500 mm, ngoba ukwehla kwengcindezi ngokweqile kuzodala ukuvuza kwamafutha ku-turbocharger.
6. Ngokusho kwepayipi yokukhipha, ipayipi yokukhipha yangaphandle kanye ne-muffler, isakhiwo esivamile kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo ezicacisiwe.
7. Igesi yokukhipha i-turbine inlet akumele idlule ku-650 degrees Celsius.Uma izinga lokushisa legesi ephumayo litholakala liphezulu kakhulu futhi i-volute ibonakala ibomvu, yima ngokushesha ukuze uthole imbangela.
8. Ngemva kokuba injini iqalisiwe, qaphela ukucindezela endaweni yokungena kwe-turbocharger.Kufanele kube nesibonisi sengcindezi phakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3, ngaphandle kwalokho i-turbocharger izosha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokugcotshwa.Ngemuva kokuthi injini iqalisiwe, kufanele isebenze ngaphandle komthwalo ukuze kugcinwe umfutho wamafutha okugcoba kanye nezinga lokushisa.Ingasebenza ngomthwalo kuphela ngemva kokuba isijwayelekile.Lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, isikhathi sokungenzi lutho kufanele sinwetshwe ngendlela efanele.
9. Hlola futhi ukhiphe umsindo ongajwayelekile nokudlidliza kweshaja enkulu noma nini.Qaphela ingcindezi nezinga lokushisa lamafutha okugcoba e-turbocharger nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Izinga lokushisa le-turbine inlet akufanele lidlule izimfuneko ezishiwo.Uma kukhona okungavamile okutholakalayo, umshini kufanele uvalwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela futhi kuqedwe.
10. Uma injini igijima ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi igcwele, akuvumelekile ukuyimisa ngokushesha ngaphandle uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.Ijubane kufanele lincishiswe kancane kancane ukuze kususwe umthwalo.Bese umisa ngaphandle komthwalo imizuzu engu-5 ukuvimbela ukulimala ku-turbocharger ngenxa yokushisa nokuntuleka kwamafutha.
11. Hlola ukuthi amapayipi okungena nawokuphuma e-compressor aphelele.Uma kukhona ukuphuka nokuvuza komoya, kususe ngesikhathi.Ngoba uma ipayipi le-compressor inlet liphukile.Umoya uzongena ku-compressor kusukela ekuqhekekeni.Imfucumfucu izodala umonakalo esondo le-compressor, futhi ipayipi le-compressor outlet liqhume futhi livuze, okuzodala umoya onganele ongena kusilinda senjini, okuholela ekulimaleni kokusha.
12. Hlola ukuthi amapayipi kawoyela angenayo nephumayo e-turbocharger aphelele yini, bese ukhipha noma yikuphi ukuvuza ngesikhathi.
13. Hlola amabhawodi okubopha namantongomane e-turbocharger.Uma amabhawodi enyakaza, i-turbocharger izolimala ngenxa yokudlidliza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane le-turbocharger lizokwehla ngenxa yokuvuza kwechibi legesi, okuholela ekunikezeni umoya okwanele.
Okwesithathu, ukuhlaziya kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zamaphutha avamile we-turbocharger
1. I-turbocharger ayiguquguquki lapho iphenduka.
UPHAWU.Uma izinga lokushisa lenjini kadizili liphansi, ipayipi le-exhaust likhipha intuthu emhlophe, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lenjini liphezulu, ipayipi le-exhaust likhipha intuthu emnyama, futhi ingxenye yentuthu ikhipha imisebe futhi izulazule, futhi ingxenye yentuthu igxile futhi. kukhishwa ngaphezulu.
UKUHLOLA.Lapho injini ye-diesel imisiwe, lalela isikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-inertial ye-rotor ye-supercharger ngenduku yokuqapha, futhi i-rotor evamile ingaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngokwayo cishe umzuzu owodwa.Ngokugadwa, kutholakale ukuthi i-turbocharger yangemuva izivulekela yodwa imizuzwana embalwa bese iyama.Ngemva kokukhipha i-turbocharger yangemuva, kwatholakala ukuthi kwakukhona idiphozithi yekhabhoni ewugqinsi ku-turbine kanye ne-volute.
UHLAZIYO.Ukuzungezisa okungaguquki kwe-turbocharger kubangela umugqa wamasilinda anomoya oncishisiwe kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela.Uma izinga lokushisa lenjini liphansi, uphethiloli osesilinda awukwazi ukuvutha ngokuphelele, futhi ingxenye yawo ikhishwa njengenkungu, futhi ukusha akuphelele lapho izinga lokushisa lenjini likhuphuka.Khipha intuthu emnyama, ngenxa yokuthi i-turbocharger eyodwa kuphela enephutha, ukungena komoya kwamasilinda amabili ngokusobala kuhlukile, okuholela esimeni lapho intuthu yokukhipha igesi ihlakazekile ngokwengxenye futhi igxile ngokwengxenye.Kunezici ezimbili ekubunjweni kwe-coke deposits: enye ukuvuza kwamafutha we-turbocharger , Okwesibili ukushiswa okungaphelele kwedizili kusilinda.
KUNGAKHISHI.Okokuqala khipha amadiphozithi ekhabhoni, bese ubuyisela izigxivizo zikawoyela we-turbocharger.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakekelwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekunakekeleni nasekulungiseni injini ye-diesel, njengokulungisa imvume ye-valve ngesikhathi, ukuhlanza isihlungi somoya ngesikhathi, nokulungisa ama-injection ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-carbon deposits.
2. Uwoyela we-turbocharger, uwoyela ohambisa umoya emoyeni
IZIMPAWU.Uma injini kadizili ivutha ngokujwayelekile, kuyabonakala ukuthi ipayipi le-exhaust likhipha umfaniswano kanye nentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eqhubekayo.Endabeni yokusha okungavamile, kunzima ukubona intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwentuthu emhlophe noma intuthu emnyama.
UKUHLOLA.Hlukanisa isembozo sokugcina sepayipi elidonsayo lenjini kadizili, kuyabonakala ukuthi kunenani elincane lamafutha epayipini elingenisayo.Ngemva kokukhipha i-supercharger, kutholakala ukuthi uphawu lwamafutha lugqokile.
UHLAZIYO.Isihlungi somoya sivimbelwe kanzima, ukwehla kwengcindezi endaweni yokufaka i-compressor kukhulu kakhulu, amandla okunwebeka endandatho kawoyela we-compressor end mancane kakhulu noma igebe le-axial likhulu kakhulu, indawo yokufaka ayilungile, futhi ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo. , futhi ukuphela kwe-compressor kuvaliwe.Imbobo yomoya ivinjiwe, futhi umoya ocindezelwe awukwazi ukungena ngemuva kwe-compressor impeller.
KUNGAKHISHI.Kutholakala ukuthi i-turbocharger ivuza amafutha, uphawu lwamafutha kufanele lushintshwe ngesikhathi, futhi isihlungi somoya kufanele sihlanzwe ngesikhathi uma kunesidingo, futhi imbobo yomoya kufanele isuswe.
3. i-boost pressure yehla
imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle
1. Isihlungi somoya kanye nokungena komoya kuvinjiwe, futhi ukumelana nomoya kukhulu.
2. Indlela yokugeleza kwe-compressor yonakele, futhi ipayipi lenjini ye-diesel liyavuza.
3. Ipayipi le-exhaust lenjini ye-diesel liyavuza, futhi umzila womoya we-turbine uvaliwe, okwandisa umfutho we-exhaust emuva futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine.
Susa
1. Hlanza isihlungi somoya
2. Hlanza ivoti ye-compressor ukuze uqede ukuvuza komoya.
3. Susa ukuvuza komoya epayipini lokukhipha umoya futhi uhlanze igobolondo le-turbine.
4. I-compressor iyakhuphuka.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka
1. Iphaseji yokungenisa umoya ivinjiwe, okunciphisa ukugeleza kokungena komoya okuvinjiwe.
2. Iphaseji yegesi yokukhipha umoya, okuhlanganisa neringi yomlomo we-turbine casing, ivinjiwe.
3. Injini kadizili isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile, njengokuguquguquka okukhulu komthwalo, ukuvala shaqa okuphuthumayo.
Khipha
1. Hlanza isicoci sokuvuza komoya, i-intercooler, ipayipi lokungena nezinye izingxenye ezihlobene.
2. Hlanza izingxenye ze-turbine.
3. Vimbela izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi usebenze ngokwezinqubo zokusebenza.
4. I-turbocharger inejubane eliphansi.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka
1. Ngenxa yokuvuza kawoyela okungathi sína, iglue kawoyela noma amadiphozithi ekhabhoni ayanqwabelana futhi avimbe ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ye-turbine.
2. Isenzakalo sokuhlikihla kazibuthe noma umonakalo obangelwa umoya ojikelezayo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuguga okunzima kwe-bearing noma ukusebenza ngaphansi kwesivinini esingaphezu kwesivinini kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu, okubangela ukuthi i-rotor ikhubazeke futhi ilimale.
3. Ukukhathala ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
A. Umfutho we-oyili onganele wokungena nokugcotshwa okungekuhle;
B. Izinga lokushisa likawoyela wenjini liphezulu kakhulu;
C. Amafutha enjini awahlanzekile;
D. Ibhalansi ye-Rotor ashukumisayo ibhujiswa;
E. Ukugunyazwa koMkhandlu akuhlangabezani nezimfuneko;
F. Ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza okungalungile.
Ikhambi
1. Yenza ukuhlanza.
2. Yenza i-disassembly kanye nokuhlola, futhi ufake i-rotor uma kunesidingo.
3. Thola imbangela, susa izingozi ezifihliwe, bese ufaka umkhono omusha ontantayo esikhundleni.
4. I-supercharger yenza umsindo ongajwayelekile.
imbangela yodaba
1. Igebe phakathi kwe-rotor impeller kanye ne-casing lincane kakhulu, okubangela ukuhlikihla kazibuthe.
2. Umkhono ontantayo noma i-thrust plate igqokwe kakhulu, futhi i-rotor inokunyakaza okuningi, okubangela ukuhlikihla kazibuthe phakathi kwe-impeller ne-casing.
3. I-impeller ikhubazekile noma ijenali ye-shaft igqoke ngendlela engavamile, okubangela ukuthi ibhalansi ye-rotor yonakaliswe.
4. Amadiphozithi ekhabhoni anamandla ku-turbine, noma izinto zangaphandle eziwela ku-turbocharger.
5. I-compressor surge nayo ingakhipha umsindo ongajwayelekile.
Indlela yokuqeda
1. Hlola imvume efanele, qaqa futhi uphenye uma kunesidingo.
2. Hlola inani le-rotor yokubhukuda, ukuqaqa futhi uhlole uma kunesidingo, futhi uhlole kabusha imvume yokuthwala.
3. Hlukanisa futhi uhlole ibhalansi ye-rotor ashukumisayo.
4. Yenza ukuqaqa, ukuhlola nokuhlanza.
5. Qeda isenzakalo sokuhlinzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 19-04-21